American Television Comedies Essay

It has been a taxing day. You are depleted and show up home in the wake of going through a few hours at work or school. You choose to stare at the TV and you attempt to locate an amusing show, whatever can make you snicker and fill your heart with joy better. Picking between a few kinds of satire shows is hard in light of the fact that there are multitudinous motivations to watch some sort. A TV parody can here and there be your companion, your therapist, your instructor, your energy as well as your interest. There can be extremely honest comedies while there are additionally progressively express ones. There can likewise be senseless, straightforward comedies while there are additionally increasingly intricate and wise comedies. Your choice of choosing one TV satire ought to consistently be situated in the present state of mind that you are in. There is unmistakably a huge smorgasbord of satire appears in America and the systems will keep on cooking more shows so as to make us in every case totally fulfilled. Regardless of where you are, the length of you have a TV that works appropriately, you have the chance of observing any kind of parody appear. You can choose sitcoms, satire dramatizations, sketch comedies, stand-up comedies and vivified kid's shows. Your better half or sweetheart can dump you, you can bomb a class, you can have a battle with your companions or family however those TV comedies are, and, will consistently be there for you to make you snicker, or cry, or both. Sitcoms These will cause you to have a decent chuckle the greater part of the occasions. These have likewise been the most widely recognized, effective and socially noteworthy kind of TV parody. They were begun in England yet now prevail in America. They can be either extremely senseless like The Office and yet comedic virtuoso or they can be progressively clever and increasingly complex like Community. These have two fundamental sorts of recording, single camera arrangement and multi camera arrangement. A standout amongst other typical single camera comedies, time is Arrested Development which had the upside of being a sitcom and having the chance to air another season seven years after its last scene. The enchantment of sitcoms is that considerably following quite a long while you can in any case identify with them and appreciate them totally. Another kind of single camera satire is the mockumentary with shows like The Office, Parks and Recreation and Modern Family. They are phony narratives that follow a particular number of characters. Mockumentaries are typically extremely difficult to get got by a system so when a mockumentary gets by past the pilot, the greater part of the occasions it is inconceivably silly and comedic virtuoso. NBC will in general have progressively fruitful sitcoms and for the most part lines them up on Thursdays. So except if you are a wild partier who starts celebrating on Thursday evenings, you shouldn’t miss that setup. Sitcoms are extremely simple to follow and you will in all probability need to watch an entire season to comprehend the plot. Sitcoms are generally your most obvious opportunity with regards to roaring with laughter. Satire dramatization These, occasionally otherwise called a dramedies, are programs that consolidate humor with progressively genuine sensational components, furnishing you with snickers and tears. They focus on an impressively more sensible tone than regular sitcoms. Dramedies can make you giggle and appreciate the parody simultaneously like Entourage. They won’t essentially consistently make you chuckle yet their substance itself is comical. They have you as eager and anxious as ever gnawing your nails while likewise satisfying you with some lighthearted element. One of the most widely praised current parody show arrangement is Girls which pretense on HBO so you have to pay extra to watch it, or simply hold up until your dreadful uncle who thinks he’s still a young person loans all of you the seasons on DVD. The congruity of character improvement and storylines are more important in parody shows than in customary sitcoms. Characters’ backstories will in general have a more noteworthy by and large impact on storyline. One case of these is one of the most stared at the TV programs ever M*A*S*H. Individuals distinguish themselves a ton with these kinds of comedies; they will in general be sensible and by one way or another figure out how to be amazingly amusing. M*A*S*H was such a success, that turned into the most sat in front of the TV scene in U. S. TV history at that point, with a record-breaking 125 million watchers. In the event that you like to cry and snicker simultaneously, at that point watch a dramedy. In the event that you like lighthearted comedy films these are the parody arrangement that will no doubt fit your character. Despite the fact that sitcoms are the most popular kind of TV comedies, parody dramatizations are the most watched satire appears, and in the event that you like one scene of one of them, you will presumably get joined to them to the point that you should drop your arrangements of setting off to the club with your companions. Sketch Comedy â€Å"Live from New York, it’s Saturday Night! † Most individuals perceive that state. It was made in 1975 during the main scene of the faction TV arrangement Saturday Night Live. Sketch comedies are anything but difficult to follow and the majority of the occasions ensure a decent chuckle. Maybe SNL is the most well-known sort of this style of satire which comprises of a progression of short parody scenes or vignettes, called â€Å"sketches†, normally somewhere in the range of one and ten minutes in length. Frequently draws are first extemporized by the entertainers and recorded dependent on the result of these comedy meetings; nonetheless, impromptu creation isn't really associated with all sketch satire. On the off chance that the entertainers are great and expert, at that point you will snicker madly. Some of the time the slip-ups the on-screen characters make are generally the most entertaining parts in light of the fact that a large portion of the sketch comedies are recorded live, so if an on-screen character loses it and starts chuckling he needs to proceed in any case. It is continually astounding to see an expert on-screen character and humorist lose it and attempt to get their self-restraint back. Stand-up Comedy Stand-up comedies ensure a decent giggle, particularly on the off chance that you are in the know regarding recent developments. In these comedies, a comic for the most part presents a quick paced progression of clever stories, short jokes called â€Å"bits†, and jokes, which comprise what is commonly called a monolog, routine or act. Some high quality humorists use props, music or enchantment stunts to improve their demonstrations. The most widely recognized instances of this are the television shows like Ellen, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel Live! , Late Show with David Letterman, Conan, The Colbert Report, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and Late show with Craig Ferguson. These shows are generally extremely clever and can have some social or political substance that can refresh you with recent developments or lets you see a few issues according to someone else. These outstanding entertainers will in general be truly keen individuals, as Conan O’Brien, and can transform the least complex thing into something with and gigantically measure of comic material. It is additionally clever to perceive how comics battle with one another like Jay Leno with Conan O’Brien did in 2010 over The Tonight Show. This didn’t help both of them since Jimmy Fallon is going to take over as host of The Tonight Show after the 2014 Winter Olympics. That show guarantees a ton and will be one of the most elevated appraised and most widely praised since Fallon is an amazingly skilled omedian and artist. These phenomenal shows are generally the most ideal method of closure a ghastly day. In contrast to sitcoms, you can observe a large portion of the shows that there are in each system yet you will most certainly have a top pick, and you will stay with it, until the end of time. In contrast to the sitcoms, stand-up comedies can be seen whenever in light of the fact that there is no sequential request that will influence its substance. Energized Cartoons These are commonly hand made for kids. Enlivened kid's shows won’t fundamentally make you snicker yet assuredly make you at any rate chuckle. Early children’s programming regularly reused dramatic kid's shows; later, low-spending activity delivered particularly for TV ruled Saturday-morning system programming in the US. The absolute most realized energized kid's shows are The Jetsons, The Flintstones, The Simpsons, South Park, Beavis and Butthead, Futurama and Family Guy. In spite of the fact that the majority of them are intended for kids, there are a couple of them that are explicitly made for grown-ups like South Park and Family Guy. Vivified Cartoons have been the main explanation behind awakening you, during your adolescence, at an early stage a Saturday morning and satisfy you. A large portion of the cutting edge energized kid's shows that are expected for develop crowds just will in general be unequivocal, disputable, bigot and profane; yet, they are still inconceivably interesting and, except if you are a stick in the mud that takes each joke from wherever close to home, you ought to have the option to giggle and appreciate them. You have arrived at a point in your life where considering getting up at an early stage a Saturday morning is an unthinkable situation, so leave the enlivened kid's shows for your children. In the event that you need another side interest and need to follow something for right around an entire year at that point observe a few sitcoms that will clearly make you giggle. In the event that you are a busybody that acknowledges satire, at that point unquestionably parody dramatizations are for you. In the event that you return home late around evening time and your better half or spouse needs to get unusual with you however you’re truly drained at that point watch an outstanding satire. They will make you snicker while your accomplice cries. On the off chance that you have a feeling that you need to see a few people doing pantomimes of well known individuals at that point observe some sketch comedies. Regardless of how old you are, what ethnicity you are, or on the off chance that you are a male or a female, there will consistently a satire arrangement for you, prepared to make you chuckle, cry, or both.

Anxiety Disorders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nervousness Disorders - Term Paper Example isorder, intense pressure issue, over the top enthusiastic issue, social fear, explicit fear, summed up nervousness issue, agoraphobia, and frenzy issue (Soggie, 2008). Moreover, there are change issue with properties of tension, uneasiness issue as a result of substance-prompted nervousness issue, lingering type of nervousness issue, and regular ailments (Soggie, 2008). Tension issue are ever-present across various social orders. When all is said in done, the signs of an intense pressure issue show during or not long after the injury. These extreme horrible scenes incorporate merciless physical assault or assault, deadly mishaps, and seeing brutality (Stein and Hollander, 2002). The sign of separation, which shows an apparent detachment of the brain from the body or passionate structure, is a fundamental issue (Stein and Hollander, 2002). Also, separation is recognized by a view of the world as a deceptive or dreamlike spot and may join poor memory of the specific scenes, which is outrageous structure is perceived as dissociative amnesia (Soggie, 2008). In the event that the conduct issue and side effects of the intense pressure issue proceed for over a month, and if these attributes are joined by serious injury or useful injury to the person in question, the analysis is changed to post-awful pressure issue (PTSD) (Soggie, 2008). Because of the more constant element of post-horrendous pressure issue, a few changes, for example, misery, diminished self-esteem, challenges in proficient as well as close to home connections, and a feeling of being irreversibly harmed, are usually observed (Soggie, 2008). Substance misuse normally emerges, especially including narcotic entrancing medications, maryjane, and liquor (Stein and Hollander, 2002). Ladies who are wrongdoing casualties, especially assault, torment, and others, are the most inclined to PTSD. When all is said in done, among those presented to serious pain, generally 9% experience the turmoil (Stein and Hollander,

Sample on Case Study Assignment

Sample on Case Study Assignment Case Study Assignment Mar 26, 2018 in Case Studies Introduction It has been necessary that the ratios of students to teachers be examined in order to find out whether more teachers should be employed to assist students or enroll more students to utilize the services provided by teacher. It has been found possible to find this relationship by the use of descriptive statistics to estimate whether more teachers should be employed or more students should be enrolled. The main method that has been identified is the use of statistical techniques such as the use of descriptive statistics: mean, median, standard deviation and variance as well as the use of analytical techniques such as correlation analysis. Correlation analysis has been done by determination of correlation coefficient. Some of the schools in San Diego include Dana Middle School, Point Loma High School, San Diego Unified School and Herbert Hoover High School. This study involves the analysis of these schools in San Diego from the year 2000 until the year 2004.

Narrative Discourse On The Language Abilities Of Elderly...

Narrative discourse, or the ability to recall and tell an orderly and continuous account of an event or a series of events, is a vital aspect of social communication throughout society. Narrative discourse not only includes the ability to tell imaginary or real stories, but also recounts of personal events and instructions on how to execute a task. Moreover, narrative discourse ability forms during early childhood and is utilized throughout adulthood into old age. However, along with changes in memory and executive functions, many elders experience changes in their language abilities. Conversely, many elderly individuals are acquiring cognitive injuries, such as strokes and traumatic brain injuries, that further impact the language, memory, and executive functions. Because more individuals are aging and surviving strokes and brain injuries than ever before, it is crucial to understand the effects of these cognitive disorders on the language abilities of elderly individuals. In order to understand the impacts of brain injuries of the narrative discourse, it is vital to compare the narratives produced by normally aging individuals and those produced by individuals with brain injuries, such as strokes and traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Subtle changes in the language abilities are expected as individuals age; however, most aspects of narrative discourse are preserved into normal aging. For example, the research team of Ulatowska, Chapman, Highley, and Prince (1998) evaluatedShow MoreRelatedMy Goals As A Social Worker Practitioner1737 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation it is important to understand how the culture play a big role in people’s life. The systems approaches, like feminist therapy and family therapy share postmodern notions. The systems orientation stresses the importance of understanding individuals in the context of the surroundings that influence their development (Corey, 2013). 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The Appeal of English Essay Topics Terrorism

The Appeal of English Essay Topics Terrorism Ruthless English Essay Topics Terrorism Strategies Exploited Hence, if you believe banking essays are boring just like your organization studies are, then you're probably wrong here. Banking essays can be real fun to play with if you've got a comprehensive understanding about the discipline and have keen interest in writing, so should you believe that you cannot write decent banking essays than again you're mistaken. Introduction to internet banking 4. History of internet banking 6. The danger of death due to terrorists has come to be an integral component. The issue concerning terrorism takes a distinctive place in our society because a good deal of. Among the most prevalent issues in our world today is the matter of deforestation. Inside my point of view terrorism is no problem. Using English Essay Topics Terrorism Our country is spending a great deal of money every year to resist against the terrorism and remove the terror ist group. Today, terrorism is not just the issue of India, but in our neighboring country also, and governments around the world are earning a lot of effort to manage it. It's a global issue that has affected almost all the nations around the world directly or indirectly. India is a nation that earns a whole lot of its revenue from tourism. It is all of the game of deciding on the right sort of topic for your banking essays and if you're unable to devise a great topic then however much your essay is good, it won't create any worthwhile influence on the reader. Just in the event you aren't certain what a controversial essay is and what things to watch out for, just scroll to the base of the article to learn and come back to this section again when you're all set to select your topic. Following are various sorts of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic according to your need and requirement. Controversial essay writi ng is among the best strategies to understand how to persuade people and touch on the subjects which are challenging! Sociology essays handle the study of human social behavior in a society, therefore, it is quite interesting for the students who want to know more about human psyche but boring for people who don't like studying their species. Though the essay questions change, the topic of the essays often stays the same. How to increase my writing essay. English Essay Topics Terrorism Explained Terrorism is now a worldwide threat which has to be controlled from the initial level. It has become a big national and international problem all over the world. It is not just coercion, but it also revenge. It has become a common social issue. Immigration ought to be regulated somewhat as a way to stop international terrorism. Regional terrorism is easily the most violent among all. Political terrorism is significantly more crucial than criminal terrorism because it's carried out by well-trained persons. The Most Popular English Essay Topics Terrorism Everybody is todays world should be united to combat terrorism. Acts of terrorism impacts the human mind to a large extent and makes people so fear they fear to go outside from their home. Typically it uses fear as the most powerful weapon and attempts indirectly propagate certain ideas and programs. Inside this era, the expression terrorism is more than only the use of intense fear for a way of coercion but includes the usage of terrorism as a way of revenge and pure sport and also as a way of suppression. The usage of this violence can be justified in a number of ways. Though many people think that terrorism is evil, it's merely misunderstood because there's no e stablished definition. Many different kinds of social or political organizations might utilize. In addition to safe haven for the group through using diplomatic protection. The Start of English Essay Topics Terrorism Pick the position that you truly share and have thought about. People today utilize terrorism for a weapon to prove and justify their perspective. What to Expect From English Essay Topics Terrorism? The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. With our customized essay offer, you can be certain to get any kind of essay help you are searching for. Still, be certain you use credible evidence and continue being true to the quantity of information which supports your idea.

The street lamps dimly lit the rain-soaked streets †Creative Writing Free Essays

The street lamps dimly lit the rain-soaked streets of the small town in which I live. Terraced houses line each side of the narrow streets and the sound of raindrops on tiled roofs constantly drum in my ears. The streets are totally empty, not even the odd car or person breaks the monotony of the black tarmac. We will write a custom essay sample on The street lamps dimly lit the rain-soaked streets – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now A rusty iron fence surrounds the small park by the houses and the play area is deserted and broken. The sky is dark and overcast, with the occasional roll of thunder rumbling in the distance. By ten o’clock my shift at the local supermarket is over and I have to begin the long, mind-numbing walk home. The supermarket car park is covered in red, yellow and brown leaves from the old trees at the side of the road and I struggle across the slippery surface until I reach the dark subway that leads under the main road to the terraces. The subway walls are covered in graffiti while broken bottles and cigarette ends line the floor. I always feel slightly nervous when walking through this subway; its intimidating darkness makes me uneasy. Emerging from the subway I meet the usual dim glow of street lamps illuminating the small terraced houses that, to me, signified safety and protection. â€Å"Empty your pockets!† shouted a gruff voice, as a man jumped out from the side of the subway exit, â€Å"Give me your money or I’ll kill you!† There stood a tall, well built man, dressed in dark, ragged clothes in an aggressive stance with his fist raised and his other hand in his pocket. He wore a hooded top concealing most of his face, except his black rotting teeth and his stubble covered chin. His shoes had holes and there were cuts and scars on his face. He shivered and shook while the rain soaked him through as he pinned me against the wall. â€Å"Please don’t hurt me,† I begged. â€Å"I’ve done nothing wrong.† â€Å"I said empty your pockets!† repeated the man â€Å"What do you want from me?† I asked nervously. â€Å"If you don’t give me your money, I’ll†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he nodded his head towards his pocket, where my eyes met with the tip of a shining object that I presumed was a knife. â€Å"Ok, just please don’t hurt me!† By now I was petrified, so I nervously put my hands in my pockets and scrambled around for and loose change and then pulled everything out and dropped it on the floor. The man immediately bent down to pick up the coppers and chocolate bar that fell to the floor. He counted the change rapidly and put the chocolate in his pocket. â€Å"What’s in your jacket?† the man shouted. â€Å"N-n-n-nothing,† I stammered. â€Å"Don’t lie!† he shouted, as his voice became more and more desperate. â€Å"Now take your jacket off and give it to me!† I didn’t move. â€Å"Give it to me!† the man screamed at the top of his voice as he tore off my jacket and turned it upside-down to empty it. My wallet, keys and mobile phone fell out and as the man bent down to pick them up I spied my chance to make a run for it. I hesitated to think of my escape route but this proved to be a huge mistake. As I tried to run, the man got a hold of my trailing foot and dragged me to the ground, my feeble body could not escape the grasp of the man. He stared down at me and then kicked me in the stomach to stop me getting the same idea of trying to escape again. Lying in a puddle, I watched him gather the phone and wallet; leaving the keys and throwing away the wallet once he had taken the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 that was in there. â€Å"This doesn’t look like nothing, does it?† he screamed with his face right next to mine, holding the crumpled note in front of my eyes. â€Å"Does it?† â€Å"N-n-no† I managed to say. â€Å"Get up!† he shouted angrily. I scrambled to my feet, still holding my stomach to try to suppress the pain of being kicked. â€Å"Yes?† I didn’t actually want to know what he wanted. â€Å"I’ll see you again later.† He said it with an evil smile and chilling abruptness, and then he turned away and walked, with a limp, towards the subway. As the dark figure merged with the darkness, the thought of how long ‘later’ would be, and what he would do then, ran through my mind. During the confrontation, the rain had turned to hail without me realising, and the hail was stinging my cold, wet face. I was breathing heavily as I picked up my keys and torn coat, draping it over my head. I turned towards the street, still in a state of shock over what had happened and began to take nervous footsteps towards home. Soon the nervous footsteps turned to a sprint when I had come to terms with what had just happened. The street and houses turned to a blur and somehow I just kept running, all the way to the entrance of my street, where I had to stop and coordinate myself in order to find my house. I reached in the pocket of my jacket to retrieve my keys, and slowly found my way to number 56. The keys had a constant jingle, due to my hand’s vigorous shivering, which also made it hard to get it in the lock and open the door. After a minute of nervous frustration the door opened, I jumped in and shut the door behind me. How to cite The street lamps dimly lit the rain-soaked streets – Creative Writing, Papers

Lord Of The Flies Essays (503 words) - English-language Films

Lord Of The Flies Lord of the Flies ?Without society's rigid rules, savagery and anarchy can come to light. This is one of the many themes expressed in William Golding's, Lord of the Flies, and by far the most important. It is exemplified throughout his novel with Jack and his tribe, Ralph and Piggy, and other key characters and symbols. Jacks anarchistic ideas come to view when he forms his tribe, this group would be the more savagery part of humankind. With them, Golding is showing that when or if left alone to fend for themselves, they will go back to the roots of their ancestors and the savageness of them. (i.e. When the tribe is hunting for Ralph near the end.) It is also shown with the Tribal hunting dance and the sow's decapitated head on the stick, which becomes the Lord of the Flies, the evil that lurks in everyone. Ralph is shown as more of the civilized part of humankind. When he blows the conch, he forms a meeting. When the conch and Ralph are together, it forms some sort of order, or democracy, while Piggy, representing clarity and social order, is taking names and such. It seems as if Ralph is trying to portray the role of government in a modern society, listening to everyone's ideas and thoughts, trying to please everyone. Even though Ralph is portrayed more as a civilized human, he still has that human nature to be cruel. This is shown when he tells the kids that ?fatty' is really called ?Piggy', ?...his real name's Piggy!!? (LOTF pg.21), even though he asked not to tell the others that. The defects in human nature is what brought the boys to the island in the first place. The savagery impulses in humankind were belted out in the ?war.' When stranded, the more civilized impulses are brought out because of how society has molded them to be. This is shown with Piggy and his adherence to the rules of his aunt. Jack however, feels that his ?If it's fun, do it!? Philosophy is the way to go. With Piggy and Jack at the two opposite extremes of human nature, Ralph is pulled somewhere in-between. Ralph seems to be empathetic with both sides. Even though Ralph sides more with Piggy, he still does not change his philosophy, meaning that he does not adhere to the ?rules' like piggy, nor does he get as extreme as Jack and his tribe are. Ralph seems to realize that certain rules of behavior should and must be followed in order to prevent anarchy. If anarchy broke loose, it could and would get out of hand. Unfortunately, anarchy defeats order. This happens because Golding has made it seem that government is not a good tool to keep people together. No matter what, human nature (anarchy) will always overcome society (democracy), and no matter how logical or reasonable, government will eventually have to give in to the demands of the public. Book Reports

True Blue essays

True Blue essays If I have my ticket, Lord, can I ride? My bones are weakening, as is my hope. I overheard Master Tolbert speaking to a man, and I have been a slave for over 40 years. Can I have my ticket Lord, please? It could be worse; I could still be a field slave. Now that my legs and arms are weak, Master Tolbert allowed for me to become a house hand. Working on a plantation allows for more social interaction with other slaves than other places. My wife passed over three years ago but I still enjoy the comfort of the other slaves in our community. On Sunday, we even attend our own church ceremonies, which is the only time I ever feel human. Religion plays a key role in our community. Many of us are tempted to run away, but then we are reminded that the sacrifices that we endure now will be rewarded on judgment day. Master Tolbert was in an extremely foul mood today. I believe that his plan to buy four more slaves collapsed leaving him short a few workers in the field tomorrow. Last week I was helping clean up a mess that one of the children made when Master Tolbert came over and accused me of stealing his cigarettes. Now for all the years I have been alive I cannot remember a single time that I have ever touched, let alone thought about, polluting my body with smoke. For that unfair accusation I received ten lashes and was not allowed diner. Im sure one of his ungrateful children stole his pack of cigarettes or Master Tolbert just misplaced them. In general he is not that cruel, Master has his phases. For all the years I have been a slave, I have only been whipped on four different occasions. I know slaves from other communities who receive that kind of abuse in a year. I saw my son a few days ago. He has grown into a well-developed man, only he has very radical beliefs and I fear the white man will kill him. He was taken from my wife and I at birth and I ha ...

How to Guess Strategically on ACT Math

How to Guess Strategically on ACT Math SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT allows for guessing without penalty (no negative points here!), but how can you turn guessing into the best strategy to maximize your ACT math score? The more you can increase your guessing odds, the better off you’ll be. And we’re here to show you how. We’ll go through when and how to guess strategically on the ACT math section as well as show you examples of how to guess most effectively in action. Refresher on ACT Math Scoring The ACT is a standardized test and is issued multiple times per year to hundreds of thousands of students, all of whom are scored on the same grading structure. What this means is that each ACT must look and feel like every other ACT as much as possible so that the scoring system is evenly balanced. The individual questions may vary, but the patterns in how the test-makers design both the questions and the answer choices will be as similar as possible. With time and practice, you can learn to not only recognize the structural patterns of the ACT math section when you see them, but also use the clues in both the question and the answer choices to help you find theright answer (or at least narrow down your options!). After all, why take a 20% shot of guessing the right answer when you can bump those odds up to 33% or even 50%? In terms of structure, the ACT math section is 60 math questions in 60 minutes. Each and every question will be a multiple choice question with 5 answer choices. Because the test is presented as multiple choice, the right answer will always be there amongst the answer choices, while incorrect answers are usually generated by common student errors. As for how the test is scored, for each multiple choice question, you will get: +1 point for every correct answer and 0 points for every incorrect or blank answer. There is no negative penalty for an incorrect answer. Developing a Target Score Though you will not be penalized for answering a question incorrectly, your overall test-taking strategy is still going to be tremendously influenced by your target score. And these strategies will change as your score goals change. Why does your target score matter if you aren’t penalized for wrong answers? The ACT math section puts the pressure on by putting you on a strict time crunch, which means that many students cannot take as much time per question as they would like to. You may find you cannot even finish the whole test in the time allotted, or that you couldn’t take the time to be as careful on each problem as you had hoped. Because of this, you will have to develop a plan of attack in terms of questions you can answer thoroughly and questions you have to take a guess on. But before you develop your attack plan, you must first figure out your baseline. Take a practice test andcome up with different ways to mark your questionsone mark for questions you don't know how to do, and another mark for questions you're only somewhat confident about. You may even want to create a third marker for questions that youknowhow to do, but will take a long time or will require multiple steps, so must be done carefully to avoid error. This way, you can save them for last (though this is optional). For now, use your best judgment on how to guess the questions you've marked, but do make sure that you can identify which problems were which later. These marks will help you when you go to analyze your answers (and your guessing strategy) in the next section. Lastly, once you're done with the test,check out our guide to developing your ideal target score, based on your current score and your future goals. Remember too that progress doesn't happen all at once. Let yourself celebrate milestones as you improve towards your target, or even adapt your target score based on your trajectory. Guessing Based on Target Score After you find your target curved score, see how that translates to your raw score. How many questions must you answer correctly to get that target score? Keep that number in your head and then focus the majority of your attention on a few more questions than that target. Why? You're leaving yourself room to get a few questions wrong. So if you need a raw score of 40 to reach your goal, focus the majority of your attention on the first 45-48 questions. The questions are grouped in order of ascending difficulty, so your best bet is to concentrate your hardest on this area. Do note that you should answer each and every question on the ACT math section, even if you have to make a random guess. The reason we said that you should â€Å"focus the majority of your attention† on the questions in your target range is because your time and your focus are precious commodities on the ACT. You’re trying to get as many points possible across the board, so your maximum focus should be on your target score range. Once you’ve dedicated your time to the first 35, 40, or 50 questions (whatever your score range may be), you can feel free to guess on the rest of your questions without fear of reprisal. The odds are that you’ll get a few of them right and there are absolutely no consequences. (For more on this, check out our guide on how to stop running out of time on the ACT math section.) So when should you guess and when should you try to answer the problem? Even if a question is in your prime scoring range, the time to guess is when: You have absolutely no idea how to solve the problem You think the question will take too long to go through properly (make a guess now and come back to it later if you have time) You’re running out of time and need to answer several more questions You’re in your â€Å"bonus scoring† zone (aka, not your prime scoring range) Again, remember to mark these different question types. Once you’ve scored your test, look back on the questions you marked. How accurate is your guessing right now? Is there a pattern in your missed guesses? Odds are that you've gotten some of the questions right that you guessed on, but we're looking to increase that accuracy as much as possible. So let’s talk about themost effective guessing strategies for ACT math. Think of your test-taking like a science experimentyou will have your own unique score goals and ways of thinking. As you get more used to working with ACT questions, you'll get better at refining the methods that work best for your unique skill set. ACT Math Guessing Strategies The ACT math section is designed to test how well you’ve learned your math topics and principles and whether you can recognize and figure out how to apply these mathematical concepts to new situations. Most ACT math questions will be fairly straightforward (meaning they are not designed to trick you, even if they are difficult), and each and every math topicon the test is one that you are likely familiar with and have studied for a number of years. This is all to say that you likely have a better understanding of the questions than you may think, even if you don’t know how to actually solve the problem. Often (though not always), a little strategy will allow you to eliminate at least one or two answer choices and make an educated guess. Note: this may seem obvious, but only use your guessing strategies when you don't know how to solve a problem or are not confident about your answer. Guessing often takes a little more time than a straight-solve, so if you know the answer, great! Move on to the next problem. Only stop and take the time to guess if you're stuck. We’ve laid out three of the most important rules of thumb that go into making an educated guess on an ACT math problem. Most of the time you will use a combination of these three techniques on any given problem, so they are less individual strategy than they are a combination of thought processes that you should go through every time you make a guess. So let’s look at all three techniques needed to best make guesses (and when to do so!) on the ACT math section. Guessing Strategy 1: Process of Elimination Being able to eliminate answers onACT questions is arguably a more important skill than even being able to solve questions (or at least equally as important). The entire ACT math section is multiple choice, which is great news for guessing. For every multiple choice question, the right answer is there somewhere. The more you can narrow down your options, the better off you’ll be when you go to make your selection. You don’t even need to know the right answer so long as you know that four of the answers are wrong. If you can eliminate four wrong answers, whatever remains must be correct. Do you know the answer must be a line that slopes up and to the right, even if you don't know where it's supposed to be positioned horizontally? Do you know that the answer must be negative? Even knowing just a tiny bit about the problem or its possible answer will often be enough to eliminate a few answer options. But what if can't eliminate four answer choices and find the final, correct answer? Not to worry! Even if you can only eliminate one answer choice, you’re still better off doing so than taking a shot completely in the dark. Let’s break it down. Eliminating 0 Answer Choices So you’ve come to a question and you can’t eliminate any answer choices at allshould you still guess? Always! There are two scenarios for when you can’t eliminate any answer choicesquestions you’ve looked at but don’t know how to solve, and questions that you haven’t even gotten a chance to look at. For the second scenario, imagine that you’ve just answered question 45 and you’ve got one minute left on the clock. You have no time to even look at the next 15 questions, so you’ve got to just fill in your bubbles and hope that the odds will be in your favor. But no matter what the scenario, if you truly cannot eliminate any answer choice, your best plan of attack will be the same. DON’T pick the most â€Å"tempting† answer or an answer at â€Å"random.† Instead, when guessing without elimination, choose your favorite letterA, B, C, D, or Eand always choose the same letter every time you have to make a blind guess. (Note: A is the same as F, B is the same as G, etc.) Wait, what? There are always five answer options for any given multiple choice question, so the odds of choosing the right answer at random is one-in-five, or 20%. But the catch is that human beings are NOT random. No matter how we try, our attempts at creating randomness will inevitably fail. If you try to make your best attempt at â€Å"randomness,† and guess wildly across the board, you’re more likely to get less than 20% of your guesses right. The best way to achieve randomness is to go in the complete opposite directionpick one letter and stick with it every time. When in doubt, pick your same favorite letter for every question you have to answer blindly, and move on. Eliminating 1 Answer Choice All right, but let’s say you can eliminate one answer choice. How should you guess now? Again, you will always have five total answer options for each question. Now, with one option removed, the odds of us guessing the right answer will be one-in-four, or 25%. And yet, this is still a time to stick with your â€Å"favorite letter† strategy. There are still too many options at play to start jumping around in your guessing strategy, so your best bet is to stick with your previous strategy and guess your same, favorite letter. Unless your designated letter is the answer choice that has been eliminated (in which case, go ahead and pick a backup letter), your best shot of succeeding at the random odds are to guess your same consistent answer choice. Eliminating 2 Answer Choices (Now We’re Getting Somewhere!) You’ve eliminated two answer choices that you know have to be wrong and are down to three possibilities. This is the time to change up your guessing strategy. If you can eliminate two answer choices, the odds are that you know at least a little bit about this kind of math problem. Maybe you’ve only got enough knowledge about exponentsto know that the answer can’t possibly be negative, or enough of an understanding of probabilitiesand fractions to know that the denominator must be even. If you’re familiar enough with the type of math problem that you can eliminate two answer choices, you’re likely to be familiar enough with the problem to make your best guess. A random shot at the answer will get you a one-in-three chance of getting it right, or 33%, and your best guess should put you at those same odds, if not a little higher. But the best way to test your mathematical instincts on problems like these is to look back through your practice test. For any questions where you were down to three, how many times did you guess the correct answer? How many times did you get it wrong? Take a look at your previous patterns. If your odds were less than 33%, it might be time to go back to your â€Å"favorite letter† strategy. Eliminating 3 Answer Choices If you can eliminate three answer choices, you’re in a great place! This will give you a one-in-two shot of choosing the correct answer, or 50%. Go with your gut, do eenie-meenie-miny-mo, or choose the letter you like best. And again, look over your previous guesses of this nature. How often were you right or wrong? Did you guess at 50% odds every time you were able to eliminate three answer choices? Your strategies for guessing and elimination should always be informed by your past performance. When something is working, refine it as best you can. When something isn’t working, alter your approach. Eliminating 4 Answer Choices If you can confidently eliminate four answer options, then celebrate! No need for guessing hereyou’ve found the correct answer. We’ve talked about guessing after you’ve eliminated answers, but how exactly do you go about eliminating answer choices? Let’s take a look. Always adjust your strategies based on how well they're working. If your guesses are netting lower than chance percentage, take a step back and try to find the patterns in how you're working to see what might be going wrong. Guessing Strategy 2: Approximating If you have even a general idea of what the right answer might be (even a ballpark figure will do), you will often be able to eliminate one or two of the most blatant outliers. Though the answer choices are most often generated based on common student errors, there will still generally be answer choices that are way far afield. Do you know that the answer must be positive? Discard anything negative right away. If you’re given the hypotenuse of a triangle, you know that each leg must be less than that given hypotenuse. Discard anything equal to or greater than the hypotenuse. Let’s take a look at this in action. Don’t worry about actually solving the problem, just give yourself enough of a ballpark to see if you can eliminate one or two (or three or four!) answer choices. Our two triangles are in a ratio of 2:5 for all their sides. Now we are looking to compare both their hypotenuses. The smaller triangle has a hypotenuse of 5, which means that the larger triangle must have a hypotenuse that is larger than 5. Already, we can eliminate answer choices F and G, since they are less than 5. Now that leaves us with three answer choices, H, J, and K, which aren't bad odds for guessing, but we can go a little further than this. We know that the ratio is 2:5, which if we know anything about ratios, we know means that the larger side is a little more than double the smaller side. If the smaller hypotenuse is 5, the larger hypotenuse must be a little more than double this. This means that the hypotenuse of the larger triangle must be larger than 10. The only answer choice that is larger than 10 is answer choice K, 12. 5. Though we haven't officially done the work to solve the problem, this is a very good guess, just based on approximation and process of elimination. [Note: the correct answer is, indeed, K, 12.5.] You can also approximate answers on geometric figures on the test. Although the instructions state that "illustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale," they essentially alwaysare. (The exception is those inquestions that ask about what MUST be true, i.e. what you can prove.)If you're attempting a question that asks about side lengths, angle measures, or ratios, you can use the figure to make a ballpark guess about these values. This question is asking about specific values, so we can assume it's toscale. We can, therefore, make our guesses based on the given measurements. In addition, as a general rule of thumb, the correct answer will be "cannot be determined" less than 20% of the time. So it's a good idea to eliminate this answer choice if you don't know how to solve this kind of problem. Always guess one of the values if you are forced to make a guess. So, based on the given hypotenuse measure of 6, and the fact that our drawing is to scale, we can estimate that the measure of CD appears to be about half of that. This means that CD probably measures about 3. Maybe it's little more, maybe a little less, but we can most certainly eliminate answer choices F and G. And, since we already eliminated answer choice K, that leaves us with answer choices H and J. We've got a 50-50 chance, so it's a good time to make a guess. And an educated guess between the two choices would better favor answer choice H rather than answer choice J because it's close to our initial estimate of 3. [Note: the correct answer is, indeed,H, 3.6.] Guessing Strategy 3: Finding the Round Answers and Shortcuts If we remember that the ACT math section is designed so that a student without a calculator can solve every problem, this can inform how we go about both solving our problems and eliminating our answer choices. Not being able to use a calculator limits one’s mathematical possibilities, especially when a time-crunch is involved. For this reason, the ACT tends to favor shortcuts (like triangle shortcuts) and round numbers. If you can eliminate answer choices that would not produce nice, round numbers, you can often find your right answer. Let’s look at this principle in action, We are told that a bag originally contains 18 marbles, and we must find the additional number of marbles to get a 3 5 ratio. Well, a 3 5 ratio of marbles (an object that CANNOT be broken into pieces) means that our new total number of marbles must be divisible by 5 (since 5 is our denominator). This, in turn, means that our total number of marbles must have a units digit of either 0 or 5. For 18 + x to equal a number ending in 0 or 5, x MUST end in either 2 or 7. (e.g., 18 + 2 = 20, or 18 + 17 = 35). We can, therefore, eliminate every answer choice that does NOT end in 2 or 7. In this case, we can eliminate every answer choice except for F. We didn’t even have to know how to solve the problem or walk through the steps. We just knew to look for a round and easy number to work with and found it through process of elimination. [Note: the correct answer is, indeed, F, 12.] Guessing Strategy 4: Avoiding Temptation The test is designed around the statistically average student, and many of the answer choices are generated based on common student errors. Though the ACT is not designed to "trick" you, people have a tendency to fall into predictable thinking patterns, and it’s easy to select wrong answers that the average student falls for again and again if you’re not paying close attention. If you look at a question in the medium or difficult range that you can solve in a second or two, it may just be too good to be true. If an answer choice seems immediately appealing, especially on a difficult question, it might just be a trap. Think about how many other students would have felt the same way on trial tests. Take a moment to really examine the question. Even if you don’t know how to solve it, you might still be able to spot a trap when you see it if you take a second to breathe. Let’s say this is a problem that you have no idea how to go about solving, but you do know a little about averages. If you’re going quickly through the test or you are only thinking about the bare principles of averages, you might think that answer choice C looks awfully tempting. After all, Tom’s starting with a score of 78 and he needs an 80. If he gets an 82, that seems like it will balance out about right...right? Except that this question is number 47 out of 60, which means it is in the "medium-high difficulty" range. 82 is way too tempting of an answer to be correct for this level of difficulty. Even if we don’t know how to solve the question, we can pretty safely eliminate answer choice C. Based off of our basic understanding of averages, we can also safely eliminate answer choices D and E. We might not know how to do weighted averages, but these answer choices seem way too small to raise up our current average of 78 to 80. Without knowing how to solve the problem, we have narrowed down our options to answer choices A and B, which gives us a 50-50 chance of guessing correctly. Not bad at all! [Note: the correct answer is A, 90.] Go you and your awesome, ACT-guessing self! The Take-Aways Though it is very useful to know how to actually solve your ACT math problems, we’ve seen that it is not always necessary. Though you shouldn’t guess on every ACT math question, it can help your scores to guess strategically when you have to do so. Just remember to always use your guessing strategies when you have the chance to look at the problem, and stick with your favorite letter whenever you must make a blind guess. And take a deep breath. You probably know more than you think, and you probably know enough to at least eliminate an answer choice or two, even if you’re feeling overwhelmed. Practice and focus will have you beating the odds and boosting your scores in no time. What’s Next? Still not satisfied with your ACT math scores?Improve your individual ACT math topicskills by working through ourindividual math topic guides. In each guide, we willwalk you through the definitions of each math topic, the formulas you'll need, and how you'll see the questions on the ACT math section. We'll also give you real ACT math problems (and answer explanations) for you to practice your skills on. Been procrastinating on your ACT prep?If you've found yourself in a procrastination rut, check out our guide onhow to stop procrastinatingso you can get back to studying. Aiming for a perfect score? If you're looking to score a perfect 36 on your ACT math section, then look no further than ourguide to getting an 36 on the ACT math, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Formal Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Formal Report - Assignment Example Business Transportation Services Co. Ltd. has a proven track record of providing transportation methods that are both affordable and efficient. We have a huge fleet of cars which cater to our customer’s need as and when it is required. We provide the best solutions. We guarantee to meet or beat the price of any other carrier. Just show us your current contract and we’ll show you how we can do better. We are a Pacific Northwest regional carrier, so our drivers know the area and are not as fatigued as long-haul carriers. We have a variety of trailer sizes and types, so odds are good that we can always provide you with dedicated runs from pickup to delivery at your facility, instead of less-than-truckload (LTL) runs that must make stops for multiple customers. At Business Transportation Services, the client satisfaction sits on top of our lists. Our fleet of cars have been specifically numbered keeping in mind the large number of clients we cater to. Discussing of Findings : Business Transport Consultancy has a fleet of cars which can be sent at any time. We have done some interesting research and found out that quite often, companies have to go through the following problems: 1. Fuel Cost 2. Car Effeciency 3. Labour Charges Let’s deal with the first problem right now. As mentioned before over here the fuel is the most important issue. To tackle the fuel cost issues, we have further divided the proposal into 1. Cost Saving 2. Efficiency So, in the purview of dealing with the high rise fuel costs, the first step is to understand cost saving. How can we do cost saving? The answer lies in managing the fleet of cars only when their requirement happens to arise. We provide quick and fast solutions whenever our clients have to transport their goods from one place to another. At our company, we provide our clients with the best solutions catering to their time and need. In the field of fast moving business, one cannot rely on renting the transport, bu t we go much further than just providing for rental solutions. The way we operate is that we provide our customers with an option to run our vehicles at any given time. You can chose from a range of vehicles which we have to provide your suitable needs. However, it must be kept in mind that the vehicle you chose is efficient in managing its fuel consumption. For you, the best strategy at this time in order to avoid the fuel consumption issues would be to hire or rent for purchase depending upon the user ability of the vehicle. Since you had 10 SUVs earlier to manage you daily transport needs, we have got down that figure to five high capacity vans which have special cabins for housing the maximum amount of goods. The per ton capacity of this high capacity van far outreaches the number you would have attained with a normal SUV. The petrol efficiency arrived at is less than the SUV, but since you can carry more goods, the overall ratio has drastically improved. Now, when we looked at the date and compared the fuel efficiency, we found out that in engaging 10 SUVs you were spending close to 40 USD on a barrel. However, once you start using our high capacity vans which have been specifically designed and built for carrying lots of goods and in the most efficient way, you realise that the fuel consumption for every journey goes down to 20 USD a barrel. That’s a drop of half the price. This is a remarkable stat as it provides us with the correct way of dealing with t

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Reflection - Essay Example I was intrigued by the concept of "professing". However I am not so sure how it applies to the internal aspect of learning. Perhaps it is through professing that which we already know that acts as a springboard to inviting new knowledge in. Teachers should be careful however because their way of teaching is not the only one that exists and is not necessarily the one that all students will respond to. I don't think that professing is appropriately placed in this article. As the article notes, professing is a form of lecture and no matter how enthusiastic the professor may be about the subject matter, there is a fine line between professing and drilling. I believe it is a line that young students would have a hard time deciphering. I think that all members of the teaching profession take learning seriously. The question is how to convey this to students. I found that he social learning atmosphere suggestion to be a positive one. I do know a grade school teacher who teaches in an all-boys catholic school in New York. Her students are in sixth grade. Rather than turn literature into a demand to memorize, she turns the classroom into a lounge. She and her students then discuss not only the piece of writing that they were reading but also the author and his own background. In so doing, students experience reflective learning and I think that they actually gain a bett

Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels

Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels The 1998 film Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels was directed and written by Guy Ritchie who would eventually create the reboot of the solid blockbuster series, Sherlock Holmes. His earlier movie is about four criminal friends who are roped into three dramatic events in their life that are going on at the same time. This film is very unique because of the simultaneous structure of the plot tied together with parallel editing. It has so many things to enjoy about it: the atmospheric East London locations, the lush visuals, and the distinctive camera angles employed by Ritchie. Everything in this film catches the eye. Ritchie’s movie is a thrill to watch because he keeps you constantly on edge. The theme of the film is about karma and the way fate plays its fickle finger on the characters’ lives. If the characters in the film have a certain set of moral standards, then their future fates are left to decide whether or not they live or die. If a person is of an â€Å"honorable† background (at least within the code of thieves) or has moral beliefs in loyalty to his friends, in the end they will triumph over the darker elements of the criminal underworld. As you watch the film, you start to understand that some of the characters in this film aren’t exactly great people but they are decent enough to do the right thing for themselves and for their friends in the end. The film starts off with four close friends: Eddy (Nick Moran), Tom (Jason Flemyng), Bacon (Jason Stathom), and Soap (Dexter Fletcher). They are getting 100,000 euro notes so that Eddy can get into one of the many sleazy card games put on by porn mogul Harry â€Å"the Hatchet† Lonsdale (played by P. H. Moriarty.) Harry botches the game so that Eddy losses the 100,000 that he handed them to enter. Now he has to pay an additional amount of 400,000 euros. Harry tells Eddy that he wants the money to be given to him at the end of a full week or else he’ll have to deal with his East End enforcers. This is the inciting action that triggers the entire plot. How are these friends going to raise that huge amount of money? This inspires a great mix of dark comedy and violence for the rest of the film. After several days with no luck acquiring the funds, Eddy comes home and overhears his neighbors, a gang of crooks led by a man named Dog played by Frank Harper. The gang is planning a robbery on some pot growers who may be loaded not only with drugs but the needed money to solve the debt problem. Eddy sends this information to his long-time pals. He is intending for them to rob the shady neighbors as they come back from the theft of the marijuana dealers. The gang of four installs taping equipment to monitor the neighbors. Tom obtains a pair of antique shotguns from a black market dealer, known as Nick the Greek (Steven Marcus) who also strikes a deal with Rory Breaker (Vas Blackwood), a sociopathic gangster, to buy the stolen drugs. Nick had purchased the guns from a pair of foolish small time criminals, Gary and Dean, who in turn had stolen them from a bankrupt British lord as part of a job for Harry â€Å"the Hatchet.† None of the characters realize that, of the entire stolen firearms collection, Harry’s only desire was those two extremely valuable antique shotguns now in the hands of Tom. After learning the guns had been sold, an enraged Barry â€Å"the Baptist,† Harry’s personal bodyguard, threatens the two idiots into getting them back. The plot thickens, pointing towards future mayhem. As a sad trivia aside, the film was dedicated to Lenny McLean who performed Barry â€Å"the Baptist.† Mr. McLean had died of cancer only one month before the film’s premie re. The neighbors robbery gets underway according to schedule. Despite the death of a gang member stupidly by his own gun and a shaky chance encounter with a traffic cop, the job against the pot dealers is a success. Thinking they’re finally safe when the crooks arrive back at their London apartment, that neighbor gang is ambushed by our four friends. They take the neighbor’s looted money and return later that night to stash the goods next door. It is now time for a crazy night of celebratory drinking. Socio Rory discovers that the drugs he was going to buy were actually stolen from him. The marijuana growers were in his employees. Rory interrogates/tortures Nick into telling where the four friends live. Meanwhile, furious about their loss, Dog throws one of his men through the wall of their apartment. They discover the taping equipment on the other side and eventually all the stolen money and drugs. As Dog counts the money, the crooked neighbors prepare an ambush. Meanwhile Gary and Dean, trying to recover the antique shotguns, call on a traumatized Nick, who directs them to the same apartment address. Big Chris, Harrys debt collector, leaves with his son to the same destination as the four friends drive home from their bar crawl. Fate has played all the cards on the fortunes of all the characters. This will be the climax of the plot. Rory and his gang assault the apartment and have a shootout with the neighbors, resulting in the deaths of all but Dog and Winston, Rory’s chemist. Winston makes off with the marijuana. Dog is robbed by Big Chris of the shotguns and money during his escape. Gary and Dean spot Big Chris with the guns and hastily follow him, while the four friends return to find their loot missing. Big Chris gives the guns and cash to Harry, but on his return to the car he finds Dog threatening to kill his son if he doesnt retrieve the money. Desperate to get the guns, Gary and Dean attack Harry and Barry at their office, not knowing what Harry looks like and not noticing Barry until after he retaliates. Within seconds all four men are dead. The four friends are arrested, but confirmed to be innocent after the traffic cop identified Dogs dead gang as the primary suspects. When they retreat back to the bar, they discover Tom is out on a mission to throw the priceless shotguns off a bridge into the River Thames. In looking at a catalog of antiques, the friends learn the guns are worth thousands of dollars. As they try to call, Tom puts the phone in his mouth and the film ends with him trying to throw the shotguns off the bridge that he failed throwing the first time. Now, with the guns are on a ledge and the phone is in Tom’s mouth, the film concludes with Tom not knowing what to do next. The movie fades to black in a hilarious cliffhanger making for a perfect ending The emotional tone of the film is that of fear, remorsefulness, and giddy happiness. Another emotional quality felt is ironic surprise. The irony that the characters have to face in nearly every scene is hilarious. The film has a delightfully quirky dark comedic quality. It always puts these characters that you sometimes feel sorry and sympathize, in uneasy situations that they have to pry their way out some manner. Similar and comparable films that share this unique gallows humor include Pulp Fiction and Reservoir Dogs. The structure of the film is fairly straightforward following a chronological development of the plot. There was one scene where Ritchie uses flash-forward in his story telling. The sequence involves a car crash. Then the next scene was about the same car crash only it details how it happened and who it happened too. It is a clever use of time manipulation. The musical soundtrack is mostly previously released music that wasn’t originally orchestrated for the film. The score contains a wide variety of music from rock to reggae with songs including â€Å"The Boss† and â€Å"The Payback† by James Brown, â€Å"Spooky† by Dusty Springfield, â€Å"Liar, Liar† by The Castaways, â€Å"I Wanna Be Your Dog† by The Stooges, and â€Å"Walk This Land (Remix)† by Ez Rollers. The use of these musical hits from the 1960s and 1970s is diverse and brilliant. The cinematography by director of photography, Tim Maurice-Jones, is excellent. The most memorable parts include the POV (point of view) camera sequence on Eddie when he is in disarray having just lost all of the money. When Harry dramatically dies, the production team slows things down. You can see the brutal action unfold while time is now going at a much slower intense pace using Slo Mo, a signature Ritchie technique later used in his successful Sherlock Holmes series. Also there is a sequence where a chunk of one of the robber’s hair is completely blown off. The way Maurice-Jones and Ritchie used smoke and lighting in that â€Å"hair-raising† moment was pretty charming. It was reminiscent of those old slap stick cartoons where something ungodly happens to a character. You think the cartoon character is badly damaged but they just have a slight burn or minor scratch. This film has to be one of the best films I’ve seen recently. It is an exciting take on the crime world and how most criminals get the barrel in the end. The film is stunningly balanced between being humorous and serious at the same time. Its use as a â€Å"hyperlink cinema† piece is one for the books. Ritchie does an excellent job in connecting all the different stories, playing with time, and interweaving surprising plot twists. He makes you feel joy when you like a certain character from a different part of the story. Then you see them interact with a dangerous character, you had no idea would ever see him or her again. He creates a feeling of immense tension. The film is a tightly constructed masterpiece. Ritchie’s movie just does not stop for a second. It is full of refreshingly dark humor and filmed with real style and flair. Like a great book, I didn’t want it to end. That is how much I enjoyed this film. You feel such a connection with the story and with the characters. In the paltry 107 minutes this movie is played, you want to watch these characters lives played out even more. Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels has a certain message or moral: to never be too greedy and always try to stick to an ethical path otherwise you might get the heat of life in the end. There are not moral choices being made in this movie. But nevertheless, there are moral people in this story. Even though they do bad things and sometimes pay dearly for it, their hearts are in the right place. Sometimes. Let’s just pray they won’t get into any trouble next time.

Measuring a Nation’s Income

Chapter 23 Measuring a Nation's Income TRUE/FALSE 1. In years of economic contraction, firms throughout the economy increase their production of goods and services, employment rises, and jobs are easy to find. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Economic expansionMSC:Definitional 2. Macroeconomic statistics include GDP, the inflation rate, the unemployment rate, retail sales, and the trade deficit. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 3.Macroeconomic statistics tell us about a particular household, firm, or market. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 4. Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 5. The goal of macroeconomics is to explain the economic changes that affect many households, firms, and markets simultaneously. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional . Microeconomics and macroeconomics are closely linked. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Microeconomics | MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 7. The basic tools of supply and demand are as central to macroeconomic analysis as they are to microeconomic analysis. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Demand | SupplyMSC:Definitional 8. GDP is the most closely watched economic statistic because it is thought to be the best single measure of a society’s economic well-being. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 9. GDP can measure either the total income of everyone in the economy or the total e xpenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services, but GDP cannot measure both at the same time. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 10. For an economy as a whole, income must exceed expenditure. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Definitional 11.An economy’s income is the same as its expenditure because every transaction has a buyer and a seller. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Definitional 12. GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country’s citizens in a given period of time. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 13. GDP adds together many different kinds of products into a single measure of the value of economic act ivity by using market prices. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 14. U. S. GDP includes the market value of rental housing, but not the market value of owner-occupied housing. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 15. U. S. GDP excludes the production of most illegal goods. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 16. U. S. GDP includes estimates of the value of items that are produced and consumed at home, such as housework and car maintenance. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 17. GDP includes only the value of final goods because the value of intermediate goods is already included in the prices of the final goods. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of ec onomics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Definitional 18. Additions to inventory subtract from GDP, and when the goods in inventory are later used or sold, the reductions in inventory add to GDP. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | InventoryMSC:Definitional 9. While GDP includes tangible goods such as books and bug spray, it excludes intangible services such as the services provided by teachers and exterminators. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 20. At a rummage sale, you buy two old books and an old rocking chair; your spending on these items is not included in current GDP. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 21. When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definit ions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 22. If the U. S. government reports that GDP in the third quarter was $12 trillion at an annual rate, then the amount of income and expenditure during quarter three was $3 trillion. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 23. The government computes measures of income other than GDP because these other measures usually tell different stories about overall economic conditions.ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | IncomeMSC:Interpretive 24. Expenditures by households on education are included in the consumption component of GDP. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:ConsumptionMSC:Interpretive 25. Most goods whose purchases are included in the investment component of GDP are used to produce other goods. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and d efinitions of economics TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 26.New home construction is included in the consumption component of GDP. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 27. Changes in inventory are included in the investment component of GDP. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 28. The investment component of GDP refers to financial investment in stocks and bonds. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 29.The government purchases component of GDP includes salaries paid to soldiers but not Social Security benefits paid to the elderly. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Government purchasesMSC:Interpretive 30. If the value of an economy’s imports exceeds the value of that economy’s exports, then net exports is a negative number. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Net exportsMSC:Interpretive 31. If someone in the United States buys a surfboard produced in Australia, then that purchase is included in both the consumption component of U.S. GDP and the net exports component of U. S. GDP. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Consumption | Net exportsMSC:Applicative 32. If consumption is $4000, exports are $300, government purchases are $1000, imports are $400, and investment is $800, then GDP is $5700. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 33. If exports are $500, GDP is $8000, government purchases are $1200, imports are $700, and investment is $800, then consumption is $6200. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:ConsumptionMSC:Appli cative 34. If consumption is $1800, GDP is $4300, government purchases are $1000, imports are $700, and investment is $1200, then exports are $300. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:ExportsMSC:Applicative 35. U. S. GDP was almost $14 billion in 2007. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 36. In 2007, government purchases was the largest component of U. S. GDP. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 37. If total spending rises from one year to the next, then the economy must be producing a larger output of goods and services. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 38. An increase in nominal U. S. GDP necessarily implies that the United States is producing a larger output of goods and services. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT :AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Nominal GDPMSC:Interpretive 39.Nominal GDP uses constant base-year prices to place a value on the economy’s production of goods and services, while real GDP uses current prices to place a value on the economy’s production of goods and services. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Nominal GDP | Real GDPMSC:Definitional 40. Real GDP evaluates current production using prices that are fixed at past levels and therefore shows how the economy’s overall production of goods and services changes over time. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDPMSC:Definitional 1. The term real GDP refers to a country’s actual GDP as opposed to its estimated GDP. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDPMSC:Interpretive 42. Changes in real GDP reflect only changes in the amounts being produced. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDPMSC:Definitional 43. Real GDP is a better gauge of economic well-being than is nominal GDP. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Nominal GDP | Real GDPMSC:Definitional 44.Changes in the GDP deflator reflect only changes in the prices of goods and services. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP deflatorMSC:Interpretive 45. If nominal GDP is $10,000 and real GDP is $8,000, then the GDP deflator is 125. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP deflatorMSC:Applicative 46. If nominal GDP is $12,000 and the GDP deflator is 80, then real GDP is $15,000. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDPMSC:Applicative 7. Economist s use the term inflation to describe a situation in which the economy’s overall production level is rising. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:Unemployment and inflationTOP:Inflation MSC:Definitional 48. If the GDP deflator in 2006 was 160 and the GDP deflator in 2007 was 180, then the inflation rate in 2007 was 12. 5%. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:Unemployment and inflationTOP:Inflation rate MSC:Applicative 49. If the GDP deflator in 2004 was 150 and the GDP deflator in 2005 was 120, then the inflation rate in 2005 was 25%. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:Unemployment and inflationTOP:Inflation rate MSC:Applicative 50. The GDP deflator can be used to take inflation out of nominal GDP. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP deflatorMSC:Definitional 51. In 2004, the level of U. S. real GDP was close to four times its 1965 level. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDPMSC:Definitional 52. The output of goods and services produced in the United States has grown on average 3. 2 percent per year. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:Productivity and growthTOP:Growth MSC:Definitional 53. Periods during which real GDP rises are called recessions. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:RecessionsMSC:Definitional 54. Recessions are associated with lower incomes, rising unemployment, and falling profits. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:RecessionsMSC:Definitional 55. If real GDP is higher in one country than in another, then we can be sure that the standard of living is higher in the country with the higher real GDP. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-5NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDP | Standard of livingMSC:Interpretive 56. Real GDP per person tells us the income and expenditure of the average person in th e economy. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-5 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDP per personMSC:Definitional 57. GDP does not directly measure those things that make life worthwhile, but it does measure our ability to obtain many of the inputs into a worthwhile life. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-5 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 58.GDP does not make adjustments for leisure time, environmental quality, or volunteer work. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-5 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 59. Other things equal, in countries with higher levels of real GDP per person, life expectancy and literacy rates are higher than in countries with lower levels of real GDP per person. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-5 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive SHORT ANSWER 1. GDP is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produ ced within a country in a given period of time.In spite of this definition, some production is left out of GDP. Explain why some final goods and services are not included. ANS: GDP excludes some products because they are so difficult to measure. These products include services performed by individuals for themselves and their families, and most goods that are produced and consumed at home and, therefore, never enter the marketplace. In addition, illegal products are not included in GDP even if they can be measured because, by society's definition, they are bads, not goods.DIF:2REF:23-2NAT:Analytic LOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:GDP MSC:Interpretive 2. Explain why it is the case that the value of intermediate goods produced and sold during the year is not included directly as part of GDP, but the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold is included directly as part of GDP. ANS: Intermediate goods produced and sold during the year are not included separately as part of GDP because the value of those goods is included in the value of the final goods produced from them.If the intermediate good is produced but not sold during the year, its value is included as inventory investment for the year in which it was produced. If inventory investment was not included as part of GDP, true production would be underestimated for the year the intermediate good went into inventory, and overestimated for the year the intermediate good is used or sold. DIF:2REF:23-2NAT:Analytic LOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:GDP | Intermediate goods MSC:Interpretive 3. Since it is counted as investment, why doesn't the purchase of earthmoving equipment from China by a U. S. orporation increase U. S. GDP? ANS: The purchase of foreign equipment is counted as investment, but GDP measures only the value of production within the geographic borders of the United States. In order to avoid including the value of the imported equipment, impo rts are subtracted from GDP. Hence, the value of the equipment in investment is canceled by subtracting its value as an import. DIF:2REF:23-3NAT:Analytic LOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:GDP | Investment | Imports MSC:Applicative 4. Identify the immediate effect of each of the following events on U. S. GDP and its components. a. |James receives a Social Security check. | |b. |John buys an Italian sports car. | |c. |Henry buys domestically produced tools for his construction company. | ANS: |a. |Since this is a transfer payment, there is no change to GDP or to any of its components. | |b. |Consumption and imports will rise and cancel each other out so that there is no change in U. S. GDP. | |c. |This increases the investment component of GDP and so increases GDP. | DIF:2REF:23-3NAT:Analytic LOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Transfer payments | Net exports | InvestmentMSC:Applicative . Between 1929 and 1933, NNP measured in cur rent prices fell from $96 billion to $48 billion. Over the same period, the relevant price index fell from 100 to 75. |a. |What was the percentage decline in nominal NNP from 1929 to1933? | |b. |What was the percentage decline in real NNP from 1929 to 1933? Show your work. | ANS: |a. |NNP measured in current prices is nominal NNP. Nominal NNP fell from $96 billion to $48 billion, a decline of 50 percent. | |b. |Real NNP is nominal NNP divided by the price index and multiplied by 100. Real NNP in 1929 was ($96 b/100) [pic] 100 = $96 | | |b.Real NNP in 1933 was ($48 b/75) [pic] 100 = $64 b. Real NNP fell from $96 billion to $64 billion, a decline of 33 | | |percent. | DIF:2REF:23-4NAT:Analytic LOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:Nominal NNP | Real NNP MSC:Applicative 6. You find that your paycheck for the year is higher this year than last. Does that mean that your real income has increased? Explain carefully. ANS: Real income is nominal income adjusted for gene ral increase in prices. If my paycheck is higher this year than last, my nominal income has increased.Whether my real income has increased or not depends on what has happened since last year to the level of prices of things I buy with my income. If the percentage increase in prices is less than the percentage increase in my nominal income, then my real income has increased. Otherwise, my real income has not increased. DIF:2REF:23-4NAT:Analytic LOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Nominal income | Real incomeMSC:Interpretive 7. U. S. real GDP is substantially higher today than it was 60 years ago. What does this tell us, and what does it not tell us, about the well-being of U.S. residents? ANS: Since this is in real terms, it tells us that the U. S. is able to make a lot more stuff than in the past. Some of the increase in real GDP is probably due to an increase in population, so we could say more if we knew what had happened to real GDP per person. Supposing t hat there was also an increase in real GDP per person, we can say that the standard of living has risen. Material things are an important part of well-being. Having sufficient amounts of things such as food, shelter, and clothing are fundamental to well-being.Other things such as security, a safe environment, access to safe water, access to medical care, justice, and freedom also matter. However, many of these things are more easily obtained by being able to produce more using fewer resources. Countries with higher real GDP per person tend to have longer life spans, less discrimination towards women, less child labor, and a higher rate of literacy. DIF:2REF:23-5NAT:Analytic LOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Real GDP | Economic welfareMSC:Interpretive Sec00 – Measuring a Nation's Income MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.Statistics that are of particular interest to macroeconomists |a. |are largely ignored by the media. | |b. |are widely reported by the media. | |c. | include the equilibrium prices of individual goods and services. | |d. |tell us about a particular household, firm, or market. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Interpretive 2. Macroeconomists study |a. |the decisions of households and firms. | |b. |the interaction between households and firms. | |c. |economy-wide phenomena. | |d. |regulations on firms and unions. | ANS:CDIF:1REF:23-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 3. Which of the following newspaper headlines is more closely related to what microeconomists study than to what macroeconomists study? |a. |Unemployment rate rises from 5 percent to 5. 5 percent. | |b. |Real GDP grows by 3. 1 percent in the third quarter. | |c. |Retail sales at stores show large gains. | |d. |The price of oranges rises after an early frost. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and defin itions of economics TOP:Microeconomics | MacroeconomicsMSC:Interpretive 4.Which of the following questions is more likely to be studied by a microeconomist than a macroeconomist? |a. |Why do prices in general rise by more in some countries than in others? | |b. |Why do wages differ across industries? | |c. |Why do production and income increase in some periods and not in others? | |d. |How rapidly is GDP currently increasing? | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Microeconomics | MacroeconomicsMSC:Interpretive 5. Which of the following topics are more likely to be studied by a macroeconomist than by a microeconomist? |a. the effect of taxes on the prices of airline tickets, the profitability of automobile-manufacturing firms, and | | |employment trends in the food-service industry | |b. |the price of beef, wage differences between genders, and antitrust laws | |c. |how consumers maximize utility, and how prices are established i n markets for agricultural products | |d. |the percentage of the labor force that is out of work, and differences in average income from country to country |ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Microeconomics | MacroeconomicsMSC:Interpretive 6. We would expect a macroeconomist, as opposed to a microeconomist, to be particularly interested in |a. |explaining how economic changes affect prices of particular goods. | |b. |devising policies to deal with market failures such as externalities and market power. | |c. |devising policies to promote low inflation. | |d. |identifying those markets that are competitive and those that are not competitive. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Microeconomics | MacroeconomicsMSC:Interpretive 7. Which of the following is not a question that macroeconomists address? |a. |Why is average income high in some countries while it is low in others? | |b. |Why does the price of oil rise when war erupts in the Middle East? | |c. |Why do production and employment expand in some years and contract in others? | |d. |Why do prices rise rapidly in some periods of time while they are more stable in other periods? | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Interpretive 8. The basic tools of supply and demand are |a. |useful only in the analysis of economic behavior in individual markets. | |b. |useful in analyzing the overall economy, but not in analyzing individual markets. | |c. |central to microeconomic analysis, but seldom used in macroeconomic analysis. | |d. |central to macroeconomic analysis as well as to microeconomic analysis. | ANS:DDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Demand | SupplyMSC:Definitional . Which of the following statistic is usually regarded as the best single measure of a society’s economic w ell-being? |a. |the unemployment rate | |b. |the inflation rate | |c. |gross domestic product | |d. |the trade deficit | ANS:CDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:DefinitionalSec01 – Measuring a Nation's Income – The Economy's Income and Expenditure MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following statements about GDP is correct? |a. |GDP measures two things at once: the total income of everyone in the economy and the unemployment rate of the economy’s | | |labor force. | |b. |Money continuously flows from households to government and then back to households, and GDP measures this flow of money. | |c. |GDP is to a nation’s economy as household income is to a household. | |d. |All of the above are correct. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 2. Gross domestic product measures two things at once: |a. |the total spending of everyone in the economy and the total saving of everyone in the economy. | |b. |the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expenditure on the economy's output of goods and services. | |c. |the value of the economy's output of goods and services for domestic citizens and the value of the economy's output of | | |goods and services for the rest of the world. | |d. the total income of households in the economy and the total profit of firms in the economy. | ANS:BDIF:1REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 3. For an economy as a whole, |a. |wages must equal profit. | |b. |consumption must equal saving. | |c. |income must equal expenditure. | |d. |the number of buyers must equal the number of sellers. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Interpretive 4. For an economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure because |a. the number of firms is equal to the number of households in an economy. | |b. |international law requires that income equal expenditure. | |c. |every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller. | |d. |every dollar of saving by some consumer is a dollar of spending by some other consumer. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Interpretive 5. If an economy’s GDP rises, then it must be the case that the economy’s |a. |income rises and saving falls. | |b. |income and saving both rise. |c. |income rises and expenditure falls. | |d. |income and expenditure both rise. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Interpretive 6. If an economy’s GDP falls, then it must be the case that the economy’s |a. |income falls and saving rises. | |b. |income and saving both fall. | |c. |income falls and expenditure rises . | |d. |income and expenditure both fall. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Interpretive . Because every transaction has a buyer and a seller, |a. |GDP is more closely associated with an economy’s income than it is with an economy’s expenditure. | |b. |every transaction contributes equally to an economy’s income and to its expenditure. | |c. |the number of firms must be equal to the number of households in a simple circular-flow diagram. | |d. |firms’ profits are necessarily zero in a simple circular-flow diagram. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Interpretive 8.Which of the following statements about GDP is correct? |a. |GDP measures two things at once: the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expenditure on the economy’s | | |output of goods and services. | |b. |Mon ey continuously flows from households to firms and then back to households, and GDP measures this flow of money. | |c. |GDP is generally regarded as the best single measure of a society’s economic well-being. | |d. |All of the above are correct. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 9.In a simple circular-flow diagram, total income and total expenditure are |a. |never equal because total income always exceeds total expenditure. | |b. |seldom equal because of the ongoing changes in an economy’s unemployment rate. | |c. |equal only when one dollar is spent on goods for every dollar that is spent on services. | |d. |always equal because every transaction has a buyer and a seller. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive 10. In a simple circular-flow diagram, |a. |households spend all of their income. |b. |all goods and services are bought by households. | |c. |expenditures flow through the markets for goods and services, while income flows through the markets for the factors of | | |production. | |d. |All of the above are correct. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive 11. In a simple circular-flow diagram, firms use the money they get from a sale to |a. |pay wages to workers. | |b. |pay rent to landlords. | |c. |pay profit to the firms’ owners. | |d. |All of the above are correct. | ANS:DDIF:1REF:23-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Definitional 12. In the actual economy, households |a. |spend all of their income. | |b. |divide their income among spending, taxes, and saving. | |c. |buy all goods and services produced in the economy. | |d. |Both (a) and (c) are correct. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:C ircular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive 13. In the actual economy, goods and services are purchased by |a. |households, but not firms or the government. | |b. |households and firms, but not the government. |c. |households and the government, but not firms. | |d. |households, firms, and the government. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive Sec02 – Measuring a Nation's Income – The Measurement of Gross Domestic Product MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. GDP is defined as |a. |the market value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. | |b. |the market value of all goods and services produced by the citizens of a country, regardless of where they are living, | | |in a given period of time. | |c. the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. | |d. |the market value of all final goods and services produced by the citiz ens of a country, regardless of where they are | | |living, in a given period of time. | ANS:CDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 2. Gross domestic product is defined as |a. |the quantity of all final goods and services demanded within a country in a given period of time. | |b. |the quantity of all final goods and services supplied within a country in a given period of time. |c. |the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. | |d. |Both (a) and (b) are correct. | ANS:CDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 3. To compute GDP, we |a. |add up the wages paid to all workers. | |b. |add up the costs of producing all final goods and services. | |c. |add up the market values of all final goods and services. | |d. |take the difference between the market values of all final goods and services and the co sts of producing those final | | |goods and services. ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 4. GDP adds together many different kinds of products into a single measure of the value of economic activity by using prices determined by |a. |banks. | |b. |economists. | |c. |the government. | |d. |markets. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 5. In order to include many different goods and services in an aggregate measure, GDP is computed using, primarily, |a. values of goods and services based on surveys of consumers. | |b. |market prices. | |c. |consumer and producer surpluses. | |d. |costs of producing goods and services. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 6. Gross domestic product adds together many different kinds of goods and services into a single measure of the value of economic activity. To do this, GDP makes use of |a. |market prices. | |b. |prices that government economists believe reflect the true value of goods and services to society. |c. |the assumption that quantities of goods and services produced are unchanged from year to year. | |d. |the assumption that prices of goods and services are unchanged from year to year. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 7. In computing GDP, market prices are used to value final goods and services because |a. |market prices do not change much over time, so it is easy to make comparisons between years. | |b. |market prices reflect the values of goods and services. | |c. if market prices are out of line with how people value goods, the government sets price ceilings and price floors. | |d. |None of the above is correct; market prices are not used in computing GDP. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economic s and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 8. If the price of a DVD player is three times the price of a CD player, then a DVD player contributes |a. |more than three times as much to GDP as does a CD player. | |b. |less than three times as much to GDP as does a CD player. | |c. |exactly three times as much to GDP as does a CD player. | |d. to GDP but a CD player does not contribute to GDP. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 9. Which of the following is correct? |a. |The market value of rental housing services is included in GDP, but the market value of owner-occupied housing services | | |is not. | |b. |The market value of owner-occupied housing services is included in GDP, but the market value of rental housing services | | |is not. | |c. |The market values of both owner-occupied housing services and rental housing services are included in GDP. | |d. Neither the market value of owner-occupied housing services nor the market value of rental housing services is included | | |in GDP. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 10. The value of the housing services provided by the economy's owner-occupied houses is |a. |included in GDP, and the estimated rental values of the houses are used to place a value on these housing services. | |b. |included in GDP, and the actual mortgage payments made on the houses are used to estimate the value of these rental | | |services. | |c. excluded from GDP since these services are not sold in any market. | |d. |excluded from GDP since the value of these housing services cannot be estimated with any degree of precision. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 11. Suppose an apartment complex converts to a condominium, so that the former renters are now owners of their housing units. Suppose further t hat a current estimate of the value of the condominium owners' housing services is the same as the rent they previously paid. What happens to GDP as a result of this conversion? a. |GDP necessarily increases. | |b. |GDP necessarily decreases. | |c. |GDP is unaffected because neither the rent nor the estimate of the value of housing services is included in GDP. | |d. |GDP is unaffected because previously the rent payments were included in GDP and now the rent payments are replaced in | | |GDP by the estimate of the value of housing services. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 12. James owns two houses. He rents one house to the Johnson family for $10,000 per year. He lives in the other house.If he were to rent the house in which he lives, he could earn $12,000 per year in rent by doing so. How much do the housing services provided by the two houses contribute to GDP? |a. |$0 | |b. |$10,000 | |c. |$12,000 | | d. |$22,000 | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 3. GDP excludes most items that are produced and sold illegally and most items that are produced and consumed at home because |a. |the quality of these items is not high enough to contribute value to GDP. | |b. |measuring them is so difficult. | |c. |the government wants to discourage the production and consumption of these items. | |d. |these items are not reported on income tax forms. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 14. Estimates of the values of which of the following non-market goods or services are included in GDP? |a. the value of unpaid housework | |b. |the value of vegetables and other foods that people grow in their gardens | |c. |the estimated rental value of owner-occupied homes | |d. |All of the above are included in GDP. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study o f economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 15. Over the last few decades, Americans have chosen to cook less at home and eat more at restaurants. This change in behavior, by itself, has |a. |reduced measured GDP. |b. |not affected measured GDP. | |c. |increased measured GDP only to the extent that the value of the restaurant meals exceeded the value of meals previously | | |cooked at home. | |d. |increased measured GDP by the full value of the restaurant meals. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 16. Over time, people have come to rely more on market-produced goods and less on goods that they produce for themselves. For example, busy people with high incomes, rather than cleaning their own houses, hire people to clean their houses.By itself, this change has |a. |caused measured GDP to fall. | |b. |not caused any change in measured GDP. | |c. |caused measured GDP to rise. | |d. |probably changed measured GDP, but in an uncertain direction; the direction of the change depends on the difference in | | |the quality of the cleaning that has resulted. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 17. Ralph pays someone to mow his lawn, while Mike mows his own lawn. Regarding these two practices, which of the following statements is correct? a. |Only Ralph’s payments are included in GDP. | |b. |Ralph’s payments as well as the estimated value of Mike’s mowing services are included in GDP. | |c. |Neither Ralph’s payments nor the estimated value of Mike's mowing services is included in GDP. | |d. |Ralph’s payments are definitely included in GDP, while the estimated value of Mike’s mowing services is included in GDP | | |only if Mike voluntarily provides his estimate of that value to the government. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definit ions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 18.If Susan switches from going to Speedy Lube for an oil change to changing the oil in her car herself, then GDP |a. |necessarily rises. | |b. |necessarily falls. | |c. |will be unaffected because the same service is produced in either case. | |d. |will be unaffected because car maintenance is not included in GDP. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 19. Which of the following is not included in GDP? |a. |carrots grown in your garden and eaten by your family | |b. carrots purchased at a farmer’s market and eaten by your family | |c. |carrots purchased at a grocery store and eaten by your family | |d. |More than one of the above is not included in GDP. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 20. A professional gambler moves from a state where gambling is illegal to a state where gambling is legal. Most of his income was, and continues to be, from gambling.His move |a. |necessarily raises GDP. | |b. |necessarily decreases GDP. | |c. |doesn't change GDP because gambling is never included in GDP. | |d. |doesn't change GDP because in either case his income is included. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 21. If a state made a previously-illegal activity, such as gambling or prostitution, legal, then, other things equal, GDP |a. |necessarily decreases. | |b. |necessarily increases. | |c. |doesn't change because both legal and illegal production are included in GDP. | |d. doesn't change because these activities are never included in GDP. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 22. Which of the following is included in GDP? |a. |medical marijuana purchased from a government-run pharmacy by a glaucoma patient | |b. |recreational ma rijuana purchased from a drug dealer by a college student | |c. |recreational marijuana produced and consumed by a man in his attic | |d. All of the above are included in GDP. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 23. Marijuana is an illegal good and broccoli is a legal good. Which of the following statements is true? |a. |Darin grows and sells marijuana to Lisa. When Darin and Lisa get married, GDP falls. | |b. |Darin grows and sells marijuana to Lisa. When Darin and Lisa get married, GDP rises. | |c. |Darin grows and sells broccoli to Lisa. When Darin and Lisa get married, GDP falls. | |d. |Darin grows and sells broccoli to Lisa. When Darin and Lisa get married, GDP rises. ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 24. Spots, Inc. produces ink and sells it to Write on Target, which makes pens. The ink produced by Spots, Inc. is called |a. |an inventory good. | |b. |a transitory good. | |c. |a preliminary good. | |d. |an intermediate good. | ANS:DDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Intermediate goodsMSC:Definitional 25. Which of the following statements is correct? |a. |The value of intermediate goods is always included in GDP. | |b. The value of intermediate goods is included in GDP only if those goods were produced in the previous year. | |c. |The value of intermediate goods is included in GDP only if those goods are added to firms’ inventories to be used or | | |sold at a later date. | |d. |The value of intermediate goods is never included in GDP. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Interpretive 26. Grapes are |a. |always counted as an intermediate good. | |b. |counted as an intermediate good only if they are used to produce another good, such as wine. | |c. counted as an interm ediate good only if they are consumed. | |d. |counted as an intermediate good, whether they are used to produce another good or consumed. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Intermediate goodsMSC:Applicative 27. Gasoline is considered a final good if it is sold by a |a. |gasoline station to a bus company that operates a bus route between San Francisco and Los Angeles. | |b. |pipeline operator to a gasoline station in San Francisco. | |c. |gasoline station to a motorist in Los Angeles. | |d. |All of the above are correct. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Intermediate goodsMSC:Applicative 28. A steel company sells some steel to a bicycle company for $150. The bicycle company uses the steel to produce a bicycle, which it sells for $250. Taken together, these two transactions contribute |a. |$150 to GDP. | |b. |$250 to GDP. | |c. |between $250 and $400 to GDP, depending on the profit earned by the bicycle company when it sold the bicycle. | |d. |$400 to GDP. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Applicative 9. Al’s Aluminum Company sells $1 million worth of aluminum to Shiny Foil Company, which uses the aluminum to make aluminum foil. Shiny Foil Company sells $4 million worth of aluminum foil to households. The transactions just described contribute how much to GDP? |a. |$1 million | |b. |$3 million | |c. |$4 million | |d. $5 million | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Applicative 30. One bag of flour is sold for $1. 00 to a bakery, which uses the flour to bake bread that is sold for $3. 00 to consumers. A second bag of flour is sold to a consumer in a grocery store for $2. 00. Taking these three transactions into account, what is the effect on GDP? |a. |GDP increases by $2. 00. | |b. |GDP increases by $3. 00. | |c. |GDP increases by $5. 00. | |d. |GDP increases by $6. 00. | ANS:CDIF:3REF:23-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Analytical 31. Suppose there are only two firms in an economy: Cowhide, Inc. produces leather and sells it to Couches, Inc. , which produces and sells leather furniture. With each $1,000 of leather that it buys from Cowhide, Inc. , Couches, Inc. produces a couch and sells it for $3,000. Neither firm had any inventory at the beginning of 2006. During that year, Cowhide produced enough leather for 20 couches. Couches, Inc. bought 80% of that leather for $16,000 and promised to buy the remaining 20% for $4,000 in 2007.Couches, Inc. produced 16 couches during 2006 and sold each one during that year for $3,000. What was the economy's GDP for the 2006? |a. |$48,000 | |b. |$52,000 | |c. |$64,000 | |d. |$68,000 | ANS:BDIF:3REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and def initions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Analytical 32.Suppose there are only two firms in an economy: Rolling Rawhide produces rawhide and sells it to Chewy Chomp, Inc. , which uses the rawhide to produce and sell dog chews. With each $2 of rawhide that it buys from Rolling Rawhide, Chewy Chomp, Inc. produces a dog chew and sells it for $5. Neither firm had any inventory at the beginning of 2007. During that year, Rolling Rawhide produced enough rawhide for 1000 dog chews. Chewy Chomp, Inc. bought 75% of that rawhide for $1500 and promised to buy the remaining 25% for $500 in 2008. Chewy Chomp, Inc. produced 750 dog chews during 2007 and sold each one during that year for $5.What was the economy's GDP for 2007? |a. |$3750 | |b. |$4250 | |c. |$5250 | |d. |$5750 | ANS:BDIF:3REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Analytical 33.In 2007, Corny Company grows and sells $2 million worth of corn to Tasty Cere al Company, which makes corn flakes. Tasty Cereal Company produces $6 million worth of corn flakes in 2007, with sales to households during the year of $4. 5 million. The unsold $1. 5 million worth of corn flakes remains in Tasty Cereal Company’s inventory at the end of 2007. The transactions just described contribute how much to GDP for 2007? |a. |$4. 5 million | |b. |$6 million | |c. |$6. million | |d. |$8 million | ANS:BDIF:3REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Analytical 34. The total sales of all firms in the economy for a year |a. |equals GDP for the year. | |b. |is larger than GDP for the year. | |c. |is smaller than GDP for the year. | |d. |Any of the above is possible. | ANS:BDIF:3REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Analytical 35.Which of the following domestically produced items is not included in GDP? |a. |a bottle of sham poo | |b. |a hairdryer | |c. |a haircut | |d. |All of the above are included in GDP. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 36. Which of the following is not included in GDP? |a. |a can of bug spray | |b. the services of an exterminator | |c. |the honey produced and sold by a beekeeper | |d. |All of the above are included in GDP. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 37. Gross domestic product includes all |a. |legal and illegal goods, but it excludes all legal and illegal services. | |b. |legal and illegal goods and all legal and illegal services. |c. |legal goods and services, but it excludes illegal goods and services. | |d. |legal and illegal goods and legal services, but it excludes illegal services. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 38. Transactions invol ving items produced in the past, such as the sale of a 5-year-old automobile by a used car dealership or the purchase of an antique rocking chair by a person at a yard sale, are |a. |included in current GDP because GDP measures the value of all goods and services sold in the current year. | |b. included in current GDP but valued at their original prices. | |c. |not included in current GDP because GDP only measures the value of goods and services produced in the current year. | |d. |not included in current GDP because these items have no current value. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 39. Which of the following events would cause GDP for 2007 to increase? |a. |In February 2007, Amanda sells a 1996 Honda Accord to Isabella. | |b. |In February 2007, Amanda buys a ticket to visit a zoo in Florida. She visits the zoo in April 2007. |c. |In December 2007, Isabella eats onions that she harvested from her backyar d garden in October 2007. | |d. |All of the above are correct. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 40. Until recently, George lived in a home that was newly constructed in 2005. In 2005, he paid $200,000 for the brand new house. He sold the house in 2006 for $225,000. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the sale of the house? |a. |The 2006 sale increased 2006 GDP by $225,000 and had no effect on 2005 GDP. | |b. The 2006 sale increased 2006 GDP by $25,000 and had no effect on 2005 GDP. | |c. |The 2006 sale increased 2006 GDP by $225,000; furthermore, the 2006 sale caused 2005 GDP to be revised upward by | | |$25,000. | |d. |The 2006 sale affected neither 2005 GDP nor 2006 GDP. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 41. Tyler and Camille both live in Oklahoma. A new-car dealer in Oklahoma bought a new car from the manuf acturer for $18,000 and sold it to Tyler for $22,000. Later that year, Tyler sold the car to Camille for $17,000.By how much did these transactions contribute to U. S. GDP for the year? |a. |$18,000 | |b. |$22,000 | |c. |$39,000 | |d. |$57,000 | ANS:BDIF:3REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Analytical 42.Consider two cars manufactured by Chevrolet in 2007. During 2007, Chevrolet sells one of the two cars to Sean for $24,000. Later in the same year, Sean sells the car to Kati for $19,000. The second automobile, with a market value of $30,000, is unsold at the end of 2007 and it remains in Chevrolet’s inventory. The transactions just described contribute how much to GDP for 2007? |a. |$24,000 | |b. |$43,000 | |c. $54,000 | |d. |$73,000 | ANS:CDIF:3REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Analytical 43. Which of the following is included in U. S. GDP? |a. |the value of production b y an American working in Morocco | |b. |the value of production by a Moroccan working in the U. S. | |c. |Both (a) and (b) are correct. | |d. |Neither (a) nor (b) is correct. ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 44. Anna, a U. S. citizen, works only in Germany. The value she adds to production in Germany is included |a. |in both German GDP and U. S. GDP. | |b. |in German GDP, but it is not included in U. S. GDP. | |c. |in U. S. GDP, but it is not included in German GDP. | |d. |in neither German GDP nor U. S. GDP. | ANS:BDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 45. An American company operates a fast food restaurant in Romania.Which of the following statements is accurate? |a. |The value of the goods and services produced by the restaurant is included in both Romanian GDP and U. S. GDP. | |b. |One-half of the value of the goods and services produced by the restaurant is included in Romanian GDP, and the other | | |one-half of the value is included in U. S. GDP. | |c. |The value of the goods and services produced by the restaurant is included in Romanian GDP, but not in U. S. GDP. | |d. |The value of the goods and services produced by the restaurant is included in U. S. GDP, but not in Romanian GDP. ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 46. Quality Motors is a Japanese-owned company that produces automobiles; all of its automobiles are produced in American plants. In 2007, Quality Motors produced $20 million worth of automobiles, with $12 million in sales to Americans, $6 million in sales to Canadians, and $2 million worth of automobiles added to Quality Motors’ inventory. The transactions just described contribute how much to U. S. GDP for 2007? |a. |$12 million | |b. $14 million | |c. |$20 million | |d. |$34 million | ANS:CDIF:3REF:23-2 NAT:Analyti cLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Analytical 47. Which of the following items is included in U. S. GDP? |a. |goods produced by foreign citizens working in the United States | |b. the difference in the price of the sale of an existing home and its original purchase price | |c. |known illegal activities | |d. |None of the above is included in U. S. GDP. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 48. Which of the following items is included in U. S. GDP? |a. |final goods and services that are purchased by the U. S. federal government | |b. |intermediate goods that are produced in the U. S. ut that are unsold at the end of the GDP accounting period | |c. |goods and services produced by foreign citizens working in the U. S. | |d. |All of the above are included in U. S. GDP. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 49. Which of the following items is included in U. S. GDP? |a. |the estimated value of production accomplished at home, such as backyard production of fruits and vegetables | |b. |the value of illegally-produced goods and services | |c. the value of cars and trucks produced in foreign countries and sold in the U. S. | |d. |None of the above is included in U. S. GDP. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 50. Which of the following is not included in U. S. GDP? |a. |unpaid cleaning and maintenance of houses | |b. |services such as those provided by lawyers and hair stylists | |c. the estimated rental value of owner-occupied housing | |d. |production of foreign citizens living in the United States | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 51. Which of the following values would be included in U. S. GDP for 2006? |a. |the rent that John, an Amer ican citizen, would have paid on his home in New York in 2006 had he not owned that home | |b. the rent that Sarah, an American citizen, paid on her apartment in San Francisco in 2006 | |c. |the value of the legal services provided by Carlos, an attorney and a Mexican citizen, who lived in Houston and | | |practiced law there in 2006 | |d. |All of the above would be included in U. S. GDP for 2006. | ANS:DDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 52.Which of the following examples of production of goods and services would be included in U. S. GDP? |a. |Samantha, a Canadian citizen, grows sweet corn in Minnesota and sells it to a grocery store in Canada. | |b. |Ian, an American citizen, grows peaches for his family in the back yard of their Atlanta home. | |c. |Leo, an American citizen, grows marijuana in his Seattle home and sells it to his friends and neighbors. | |d. |None of the above examples of production would be in cluded in U. S. GDP. | ANS:ADIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 3. Which of the following transactions adds to U. S. GDP for 2006? |a. |In 2006, Ashley sells a car that she bought in 2002 to William for $5,000. | |b. |An American management consultant works in Mexico during the summer of 2006 and earns the equivalent of $30,000 during | | |that time. | |c. |When John and Jennifer were both single, they lived in separate apartments and each paid $750 in rent. John and | | |Jennifer got married in 2006 and they bought a house that, according to reliable estimates, could be rented for $1,600 | | |per month. | |d. |None of the above transactions adds to U.S. GDP for 2006. | ANS:CDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 54. Which of the following transactions adds to U. S. GDP for 2006? |a. |In 2006, Marvin Windows manufactures 20 windows that will eventual ly be installed in an office building in Minneapolis. | | |The windows remain in Marvin’s inventory at the end of 2006. | |b. |An Irish marketing consultant works in Boston during the summer of 2006 and earns $30,000 during that time. | |c.